Overview:

In recent months, Pakistan and China have taken critical steps to enhance their collaboration in counter-terrorism, border security, and economic partnerships. During a high-level meeting in Islamabad, Pakistan's Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi and China's Minister for Political and Legal Affairs, Chen Mingguo, reaffirmed their commitment to combatting terrorism, drug trafficking, and securing the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This effort is increasingly vital as insurgent attacks on Chinese workers and infrastructure threaten the viability of China's investments in Pakistan.

Xinjiang, a Chinese region with a 600-kilometer border shared with Pakistan, plays a pivotal role in the CPEC route. Both nations emphasized the need for enhanced joint security measures, including police training at the Xinjiang Police Academy and coordinated counter-terrorism efforts, particularly in Gilgit-Baltistan and Xinjiang.

Intel:

Growing Security Threats and Counter-Terrorism Cooperation

Recent insurgent attacks targeting Chinese workers in Pakistan, especially in regions linked to CPEC, have heightened security concerns. The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and other militant groups have increased their efforts to disrupt critical projects. To address these growing threats, Pakistan and China are ramping up their collaboration on counter-terrorism measures. This includes joint exercises involving police and paramilitary forces in Gilgit-Baltistan and Xinjiang, a vital region in China that has long been the focus of Beijing’s counter-terrorism efforts.

China has also committed to providing technical support to Pakistan’s security forces, particularly in areas with heavy insurgency activity. This cooperation is seen as essential for securing the CPEC, which has faced increased attacks in recent months. Pakistan’s police forces are set to benefit from extensive training in counter-terrorism operations at Xinjiang's police facilities, bolstering their ability to respond to the cross-border threats that challenge both nations.

Economic Investments and Infrastructure Development

The deepening economic partnership between Pakistan and China is evident through continued investments in key sectors, such as energy and infrastructure. At the Silk Route Expo, Pakistan and China signed several agreements aimed at boosting Pakistan’s energy capacity, including oil and gas exploration, refinery development, and coal conversion projects. These projects not only aim to address Pakistan's growing energy needs but also help China secure a stable energy supply chain as part of its broader Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

China's RUYI Group also announced plans to establish textile parks in Pakistan, which are expected to create hundreds of thousands of jobs, significantly bolstering Pakistan’s manufacturing sector. This influx of investment from China is seen as a lifeline for Pakistan’s struggling economy, providing crucial employment opportunities and boosting local production.

Challenges and Regional Instability

While Pakistan and China’s relationship continues to grow, significant challenges remain. The rise in attacks on Chinese workers and infrastructure, particularly in Balochistan, remains a major concern. The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) and other insurgent groups have escalated their campaigns against foreign investments in the region. In response, both Pakistan and China have discussed establishing joint security companies to protect Chinese nationals and infrastructure in the most volatile areas, including Balochistan and Gwadar, where CPEC’s primary port is located. This deal would involve the deployment of Chinese personnel alongside Pakistani forces to ensure the security of critical infrastructure..

Furthermore, the changing geopolitical landscape in the region adds complexity to these security challenges. The withdrawal of U.S. forces from Afghanistan has created new vulnerabilities along Pakistan’s western border, allowing groups like the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) to increase their presence. The resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan has compounded security risks, forcing Pakistan and China to re-evaluate their security strategies. Both nations are closely monitoring the situation as instability in Afghanistan could further embolden jihadist groups along Pakistan's border..

Diplomatic and Military Collaboration

Pakistan and China are also working to strengthen their diplomatic and military ties, which are essential to maintaining regional stability and securing shared economic interests. China has historically supported Pakistan in international forums and continues to back Pakistan’s positions on contentious issues, such as Kashmir. The recent meeting in Islamabad between Pakistani and Chinese officials reaffirmed the importance of military cooperation, including joint exercises, intelligence sharing, and advanced arms sales.

China’s provision of advanced technology, including drones and surveillance equipment, has been instrumental in helping Pakistan manage its border regions and counter cross-border smuggling and insurgency activities. These efforts are critical as both countries face growing challenges from insurgent groups and rising instability across the region. Continued collaboration in military and security matters will be essential to ensuring the long-term success of joint infrastructure projects like CPEC and maintaining stability in volatile areas.