The Homeland Threat Assessment 2025 highlights evolving threats from domestic extremists, foreign adversaries, cyberattacks, illegal drugs, and economic manipulation, requiring coordinated national security efforts.

Lone wolf attacks, executed by individuals acting independently of organized groups, have historical roots in anarchist movements and have evolved to include a variety of extremist ideologies such as right-wing extremism and radical jihadism. These attackers are often driven by a complex mix of personal grievances, ideological beliefs, and psychological issues, making their actions unpredictable and difficult for law enforcement to prevent.